Literals in SQL

What is Literals in SQL ?

  • A literal is a character, a number or a data that is included in the select statement.
  • Data’s and Character literal values must be enclosed by single quotation marks.
  • Each character string is output once for each row returned.

Row Restrictions :

  • it will accept space.
  • it will not accept single quotes.

Column Restrictions:

  • it will accept single quotes.
  • it will not accept space.

Example : 

Query :         SELECT  HELLO  from emp;

Output :       Error at line 1; “HELLO” invalid identifier

Query :         ed

Query :         SELECT  ‘ HELLO ‘  from emp;

Query :          /

Output :       HELLO 

HELLO 

HELLO 

HELLO 

HELLO 

.

.

.

14 rows selected

Query :         SELECT 123 from emp;

Output :       123

123

123

123

.

.

.

14 rows selected

Query :        SELECT  ‘ I LOVE CODEFAME ‘ from emp;

Output :       I LOVE CODEFAME

I LOVE CODEFAME

I LOVE CODEFAME

I LOVE CODEFAME

.

.

.

14 rows selected 

Query :        SELECT 15-nov-19 from emp;

Output :      Error at line 1, 15-nov-19 invalid identifier.

Query :        SELECT ’15-nov-19′ from emp;

Output :      15 – nov – 19

15 – nov – 19

15 – nov – 19

15 – nov – 19

.

.

.

14 rows selected